In the late afternoon of July 6, 2011, plaintiff John Lopez, 55, a messenger, was motorcycling on La Brea Avenue in Los Angeles when he was involved in a collision with a vehicle operated by Allison Blalock. As a result, the motorcycle crashed to the ground and slid across the pavement, causing multiple bodily to Lopez, primarily to his head, right shoulder and left knee. Lopez sued Blalock and the owner of the vehicle, her father, William Blalock. Lopez alleged that Ms. Blalock was negligent in the operation of the vehicle and that her father was vicariously liable for her actions. Lopez claimed that Ms. Blalock made an unsafe lane change from the left, causing the collision between the vehicles. He also claimed Ms. Blalock was inattentive to his passing motorcycle and failed to use due care in the operation of her vehicle. Ms. Blalock disputed liability, claimed that Lopez was negligent in the operation of his motorcycle by driving in an anti-gridlock lane and splitting lanes of traffic., Lopez went to a hospital a few days after the accident with multiple complaints, including bodily pain and headaches. He followed up with orthopedic and neurologic consultants, and underwent various diagnostic tests. Lopez’s chief diagnosed were a torn meniscus of his left knee, a torn rotator cuff of his right, dominant shoulder, and a traumatic brain injury. He subsequently underwent surgery to repair his torn right rotator cuff in December 2011 and underwent arthroscopic surgery on his left knee in June 2012. He also received chiropractic care, physical therapy and further consultations from the time of the accident up until the present. Thus, Lopez sought recovery of $185,000 in damages for his past medical costs, $1 million in damages for lifetime conservative care, and an unspecified amount of damages for his pain and suffering. Defense counsel acknowledged the right knee injury, but asserted that Lopez did not sustain any other injury from the accident. Thus, counsel asserted that Lopez’s complaints were due to pre-existing, degenerative conditions and that Lopez suffered no head injury whatsoever.