On Nov. 10, 2016, plaintiff Sherry Cooksey, 56, a bookkeeper, was driving on State Route 34, in Ventura, when her mid-size vehicle struck the rear end of a vehicle operated by Derrick Morris. Cooksey claimed to her neck and back. Cooksey sued Morris, alleging that Morris was negligent in the operation of his vehicle. Cooksey claimed Morris made an illegal U-turn in front of her vehicle, causing her to be unable to avoid the collision. Morris admitted liability, and the only issue before the jury was the nature and extent of Cooksey’s alleged ., Cooksey claimed she sustained soft tissue to her neck and back. She presented to a Kaiser location three days after the accident and to a chiropractor 11 days later. Cooksey then treated with the chiropractor for two years, during which she had over 90 visits. She also sought treatment with an expert orthopedic surgeon, who ultimately administered two epidural injections to her thoracic spine. Cooksey claimed that despite treatment, she continues to have pain in her back that is exacerbated by long periods of sitting and standing. Cooksey sought recovery of past medical costs, based on her $10,780 chiropractic bill and the costs incurred for her treatment with the orthopedic surgeon, both of which were on a lien. She also sought recovery of future medical costs, and damages for her past and future pain and suffering. Defense counsel contended that, except for Cooksey’s treatment at the Kaiser facility and four to six weeks of chiropractic care, all of Cooksey’s treatment was unreasonable and unnecessary.