On Feb. 5, 2009 at approximately 3:05 p.m., the plaintiffs, a 23-year-old student named Brandon and a 25-year-old drywall installer named Garrett, were traveling south on Brea Canyon Road. Brandon was driving a 1994 Acura Integra owned by his brother, Garrett, who was a front seat passenger. When they were just north of the Los Angeles County and Orange County line, a vehicle operated by a woman named Cynthia, who was driving north on Brea Canyon Road, lost control of her vehicle, crossed over the double yellow parallel lines that separate the northbound and southbound lanes, and collided head-on with the front of the plaintiffs’ vehicle. Brandon sustained to his left shoulder and hand, while Garrett sustained head and rib . Brandon and Garrett sued against Cynthia and the owner Cynthia’s vehicle, Dennis. Brandon and Garrett alleged that Cynthia was negligent in the operation of her vehicle and that Dennis was vicariously liable for Cynthia’s actions. Specifically, they claimed Cynthia negligently crossed over the double yellow parallel lines, causing the head-on collision. Cynthia conceded liability., Following the collision, Brandon and Garrett were taken to a hospital. Brandon sustained a separation of the acromioclavicular joint of his left shoulder. He also sustained a left hand injury and abrasions. Garrett sustained fractures of the sternum and ribs on the left side, resulting in a retrosternal hematoma. He also suffered an adrenal hemorrhage and hematoma, as well as external contusions and abrasions. Brandon claimed $42,305 in past medical costs and Garrett claimed $54,100 in past medical costs. They also each sought recovery of damages for their respective pain and suffering.