On March 11, 2011, plaintiff Lisa Solomon, a billing clerk in her 40s, was driving west on Kenwood Street in San Diego with her daughter, plaintiff Britquesha Solomon, 15, a student, in the passenger seat. At approximately 5:30 p.m., they collided head-on with a vehicle operated by Monique Conley. Solomon claimed to her neck and back, while her daughter sustained a concussion. Solomon and Anne Keyes, acting as Britquesha’s guardian ad litem, sued Conley. They alleged Conley was negligent in the operation of her vehicle. The matter proceeded to an expedited jury trial. Solomon claimed that Conley made a swerving, narrow turn onto eastbound Kenwood Street from Bollenbacher Street, crossing over the center line into the westbound side of traffic. She claimed that when she saw Conley swerve in front of her, she honked her horn, but that Conley failed to move out of the way and caused the head-on collision. Conley did not stipulate to or argue liability at trial., Following the accident, Solomon and Britquesha went to an urgent care facility. Solomon claimed strains and sprains of her neck and back, and followed up with her primary doctor. She was then referred to a physical therapist and treated six times. Britquesha was diagnosed with a concussion, but she did not require any follow-up treatment. Solomon and Britquesha each claimed their resolved within three months, and that they do not seek any further treatment. They also each claimed under $3,000 in total medical bills and sought additional damages for their past pain and suffering. Defense counsel did not dispute the severity of plaintiffs’ .