On March 29, 2014, plaintiff Patricia Francis, 68, a retiree, was walking her sister’s dog near the property of Chad Sullivan and Christina Sullivan, in Whittier, when the Sullivans’ dog allegedly came charging at her, causing her to fall. She claimed she injured her left wrist. Francis sued the Sullivans, alleging that the Sullivans failed to keep control of their dog and that the Sullivans were liable for their dog’s actions. The Sullivans claimed their dog was restrained at all times and that the dog Francis was walking wrapped its leash around Francis’ legs, causing her to fall., Francis claimed she sustained a fracture of her left wrist. She went to a Kaiser facility that night and underwent X-rays, which revealed a comminuted, acute fracture of the distal radius with intra-articular extension. An ulna styloid fracture was also noted. On March 30, 2014, Francis underwent a closed reduction with application of sugar-tong splints. She was then re-admitted for open reduction and internal fixation surgery on her left wrist on April 8, 2014. Francis claimed she continued to suffer from left wrist pain as a result of the incident and that as a result, she has been unable to crochet. She also claimed that she suffers from severe emotional distress because she feels like she has been a burden to her family members with whom she lived. The parties stipulated that Francis’ past medical costs totaled $20,369.98, and Francis waived her claims regarding future economic damages at the time of trial. As a result, Francis sought recovery of $5,536,980 in non-economic damages for her past and future pain and suffering.