At around 2 p.m. on Sept. 27, 2013, plaintiff Jeannie Angeles, 90, boarded a Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus at the corner of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and North Gage Avenue, in Los Angeles. However, before she could take a seat, Angeles was thrown down to the floor due to the movement of the bus as the bus driver, Alvaro Valencia, pulled away from the curb. Angeles sustained to her right hip. Angeles sued Valencia and Valencia’s employers, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and Los Angeles County. Angeles alleged that Valencia was negligent in the operation of the bus and that the county and transportation authority were liable for Valencia’s actions. The defendants admitted liability, agreeing that Valencia was negligent in the operation of the bus., Angeles sustained a fracture of the right hip. She was subsequently taken to Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, on Los Angeles, where she remained hospitalized for six days. While in the hospital, Angeles underwent an open reduction and internal fixation surgery, during which a screw was installed in her hip. After the surgery, she spent 3.5 months in a rehabilitation center. Angeles was 92 years old at the time of trial. She now requires the use of a walker, which she did not need before the accident. She also uses the assistance of a caretaker three days a week. Thus, Angeles sought recovery of future medical costs, and damages for her past and future pain and suffering. Defense counsel did not strenuously dispute Angeles’ or damages.