On Dec. 10, 2010, plaintiff Maryke Vonk was standing next to a bus bench near the intersection of Mountain Boulevard and Colton Boulevard, in Oakland, when a vehicle operated by Robert Kridle drove into the bus bench, causing it to strike Vonk. As a result, Vonk sustained to her head, elbow and knee. Vonk sued Kridle, alleging the defendant was negligent in the operation of his motor vehicle. Kridle conceded liability., After the incident, Vonk was taken to Alta Bates Summit Hospital. She sustained a concussion; a meniscal tear; a fracture of her left, non-dominant elbow; and multiple strains and contusions. As a result, she underwent arthroscopic surgery on her knee. Vonk claimed in excess of $14,000 in medical costs. However, she claimed that despite surgery, she continues to suffer limitations and ongoing back and knee pain. Defense counsel disputed the extent of Vonk’s .