On March 12, 2011, at approximately 4 p.m., plaintiff Muriel Metz, 86, a retired woman with Alzheimer’s disease, was a passenger in a 2003 Jaguar that was traveling on eastbound Clifton Way. As her vehicle entered the intersection with Elm Drive in Beverly Hills, she was struck by a 2009 Toyota Corolla that had entered the intersection from southbound Elm Drive. Metz claimed the impact aggravated her prior condition, affecting her cognitive ability. Metz sued the operator of the Corolla, Sina Meshkinpour, and the owner of the Corolla, Nazila Meshkinpour. She alleged that Sina Meshkinpour was negligent in the operation of the vehicle and that Nazila Meshkinpour was vicariously liable for the driver’s actions. Specifically, Metz claimed that Sina Meshkinpour drove through a stop sign and entered the intersection when it was unsafe to do so. Sina Meshkinpour denied liability and claimed that the driver of Metz’s vehicle failed to stop for a stop sign and caused the crash., Metz was taken by ambulance to Cedars Sinai and was treated that day for bilateral rib fractures, abdomen distention, and abrasions. She also claimed a trauma-induced decline in her cognitive abilities as a result of the crash. Although Metz had a pre-existing condition that affected her cognitive abilities (Alzheimer’s), she contended that the accident aggravated that condition and made it worse. She alleged that as a result, she suffered a significant functional decline, resulting in the need for assistance since the accident. Metz claimed that she now requires assistance for daily living activities. She also claimed that continues to need treatment from her neurologist regarding the decline in her cognitive ability.