On Nov. 7, 2015 plaintiff Young Ok Park, 86, was walking her granddaughter’s dog in Pacific Palisades when two large dogs rushed toward her. She fell and hit her head. Park sued the owner of the two large dogs, Ramin Moussavi. Park alleged that Moussavi was negligent for failing to control his dogs. Moussavi denied liability, claiming the dogs never jumped on or made contact with Park. Instead, Moussavi claimed that Park just got scared and fell over., After the incident, Moussavi assisted Park in returning to her granddaughter’s house. Park did not have any loss of consciousness, but her grandson took her to Providence St. John’s Hospital, in Santa Monica, to be evaluated. At the hospital, Park reported that she struck the left side of her head on the pavement, which was diagnosed as a head contusion over the left occiput. She also reported left-sided gluteal pain secondary to the fall. In addition, Park exhibited left trapezius tenderness to palpation and tenderness to palpation of the left intra-gluteal region. Park claimed she suffered memory and concentration issues, depression, difficulty sleeping and headaches as a result of the incident. She also claimed neck pain and discomfort. It was undisputed that Park had pre-existing Alzheimer’s disease. However, plaintiff’s counsel contended that Park’s mental deterioration was exacerbated by the fall. Upon her return to Arkansas, Park was seen by a neurologist, who diagnosed her as having sustained a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thus, Park claimed the subarachnoid hemorrhage had exacerbated her Alzheimer’s disease. Defense counsel asserted that Park’s dementia was a pre-existing condition and denied that Park’s mental deterioration was related to the incident.