On April 20, 2011, at 6:04 p.m., plaintiff Sarabjit Kaur, 49, was driving a 2000 Toyota Avalon on eastbound Murphy Avenue, in San Jose, when her vehicle was rear-ended by a 2007 Honda Odyssey, which was being driving by Ravichandra Babu Ryali. The impact subsequently caused a chain-reaction collision by pushing Kaur’s vehicle into the 2001 BMW 330in that was in front of her. Kaur claimed she injured her neck in the accident. Kaur sued Ryali, alleging that Ryali was negligent in the operation of the Honda Odyssey., Kaur was transported by ambulance to an emergency room, where she was treated for neck pain. Thereafter, she underwent chiropractic treatments and physical therapy to treat a cervical disc protrusion. Approximately 1.5 years after the accident, Kaur received a steroid injection. However, she continues to complain of residual symptoms.