On Sept. 10, 2009, plaintiff Aramais Krikorian, 56, a part-time gardener, was driving his pickup truck west on Palmdale Road in Victorville. At approximately 11 a.m., Krikorian was rear-ended by another pickup truck operated by Thomas Adams. Krikorian claimed to his neck, lower back and right knee. Krikorian sued Adams. The plaintiff alleged that the defendant was negligent in the operation of his vehicle, causing the accident and his personal . Krikorian contended that he was in the number three lane and attempting a right turn into the driveway of a nursery when Adams, whose truck was towing a recreational vehicle, rear-ended him. A witness who was standing at the driveway corroborated the plaintiff’s account of the accident. Adams claimed that Krikorian made the right turn into the driveway, but then inexplicably backed up into the roadway, causing the defendant to clip the back of the plaintiff’s truck. , Krikorian presented to a chiropractor within a week of the accident. He claimed various soft-tissue strains and sprains to his neck, lower back, and right knee, and a herniated disc at L5-S1. Krikorian claimed his neck and knee pain resolved over several months, but that he underwent 11 months of chiropractic care that provided minor relief for his lower back. In June 2011, Krikorian underwent anterior and posterior fusion at L5-S1. Krikorian claimed that his have mostly resolved, and that he doesn’t currently seek any future treatment. He claimed $250,000 in past medical costs and further sought damages for his pain and suffering. Adams contended that Krikorian did not sustain any serious injury from the subject accident. Defendant claimed that a MRI of plaintiff from 1993 showed similar positive findings in his lower back to the MRI he underwent in October 2009. Adams claimed that it wasn’t until Krikorian was involved in another accident that a MRI in March 2011 showed a new finding at L5-S1. Defendant’s expert radiologist disputed plaintiff’ expert orthopedist’s claim that the 2009 MRI was under-read.