At around 9:35 p.m. on Feb. 17, 2016, plaintiff Henrietta Meire, 36, a voice-over actress, was stopped at a red light on eastbound Burton Way, at the intersection with Le Doux Road, in Los Angeles, when her vehicle was rear-ended by a vehicle operated by Jekaterina Romaneca. The impact caused Meire’s vehicle to rear-end the vehicle in front of her. The police report stated that it was raining and that Romaneca had been drinking, but was not under the influence of alcohol at the time of the crash. Meire sustained to her chest, back, neck, head, a hip, and a shoulder. Meire sued Romaneca and the owner of Romaneca’s vehicle, Makta, LLC. Meire alleged that Romaneca was negligent in the operation of her vehicle and that Makta, LLC was vicariously liable for Romaneca’s actions. Plaintiff’s counsel contended that Romaneca rear-ended Meire’s vehicle at a high rate of speed. Romaneca told the police that she was driving in the number one (far left) lane of eastbound Burton Way and then moved into the number two lane when she came upon a “white car” (Meire’s vehicle). However, she claimed that she did not know where the white car came from and that she just crashed into it and could not remember anything else. Romaneca added that everything happened so fast that she did not remember much, as she was very shaken up. Thus, the defendants conceded liability., Meire’s air bags deployed in the collision, and she had to be removed from her vehicle. She sustained fractures to her ribs, and contusions and sprains and strains to her right hip, right shoulder, back and neck. As a result, Meire was taken to a hospital, where she complained of pain to her right hip, right shoulder, and neck, as well as chronic lower back pain. She was diagnosed with strains to her cervical, lumbar, and thoracic spine; facet disease; and contusions to her right rib, right hip, and right and left knees. Meire subsequently underwent trigger point and facet injections to treat her neck, back and hip pain. Meire claimed that she suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of the accident. She alleged that as a result, she suffered from visual disturbances, difficulty sleeping, tiredness, panic attacks, flashbacks, moments of dissociation, depression, nightmares, dizziness, headaches, and impaired cognitive function, including, but not limited to, memory loss, forgetfulness and inability to sustain focus. She further alleged that she suffered from difficulty speaking/vocal impairment. Meire subsequently underwent mental health therapy for her PTSD, and cognitive and impairment issues. Despite her alleged , Meire did not miss time from work and subsequently did not make a loss-of-earnings claim. Thus, Meire sought recovery of $65,000 in past medical costs, and an unspecified amount of damages for her pain and suffering.