On Jan. 25, 2009, at approximately 6 p.m., plaintiff Jessica Drood, 41, an attorney, was driving on Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles when she stopped n traffic for a red light and was rear-ended by a vehicle operated by Chaia Mushka Raichik. Drood claimed to her neck and upper back. Drood sued Mrs. Raichik and her husband, Simon Raichik, the owner of the vehicle. She alleged that Mrs. Raichik was negligent in the operation of her vehicle and that Mr. Raichik was vicariously liable for her actions. Specifically, Drood contended that Mrs. Raichik was inattentive and failed to stop her vehicle in time to avoid the impact. The defendants admitted liability for the accident., Two days after the accident, Drood went to an orthopedist with complaints of neck and upper back pain. She was ultimately diagnosed with soft-tissue strains and sprains and treated with four to five months of physical therapy. Drood contended that she is fully healed from her and seeks no further treatment. Thus, she claimed approximately $6,000 in past medical costs and sought recovery of damages for her past pain and suffering. Defense counsel contended that the rear-end collision was of very minimal impact, and that Drood could not have sustained any serious injury from the subject accident.