On Nov. 9, 2010, at approximately 5:30 a.m., plaintiff Inger Scardapane, 46, a housewife, was on her way to the gym when she came to a complete stop at a stop sign on northbound Woodcliff Road. While stopped, she was rear-ended by a vehicle operated by Amanda Marmershteyn, who was also traveling north on Woodcliff Road. Scardapane claimed she sustained neck in the accident. Scardapane sued Amanda Marmershteyn and the owners of her vehicle, Dmitry Marmershteyn and CPGA, LLC. Scardapane alleged that Ms. Marmershteyn was negligent in the operation of her vehicle, and that Mr. Marmershteyn and CPGA were vicariously liablefor Ms. Marmershteyn’s actions. Ms. Marmershteyn claimed that Scardapane caused or contributed to the accident by making a sudden stop., Scardapane was taken by ambulance to a hospital. She claimed she suffered a soft-tissue injury to her neck and convergence insufficiency, which is when one’s eyes don’t turn inward properly while focusing on a nearby object. Scardapane subsequently treated her neck condition with three months of physical therapy and three facet block injections during that time. Scardapane made a full recovery from her . Thus, she sought recovery of $40,000 in past medical expenses and an unspecified amount of damages for her past pain and suffering. Defense counsel contended that Scardapane’s were degenerative and not caused by any trauma from the collision.