On Jan. 5, 2017, plaintiff John Tor, 31, a U.S. Air Force contract administrator, was driving with plaintiff Jill Guzman, 30, an office administrator, as a front-seat passenger. As they were traveling at 70 mph in the high-occupancy vehicle lane of the southbound 110 Freeway, in Los Angeles, their vehicle was struck by a Los Angeles police officer, Vanessa Lopez, who had entered the freeway from an on-ramp, lost control of her police cruiser on wet pavement, crossed four lanes of travel and crashed into them. Both vehicles were totaled. Tor claimed an injury to a leg, and Guzman claimed to her neck and the right side of her body. Tor and Guzman sued Lopez and Lopez’s employer, the city of Los Angeles. Tor and Guzman alleged that Lopez was negligent in the operation of her vehicle and that the city was vicariously liable for Lopez’s actions while in the course and scope of her employment. Plaintiffs’ counsel contended that Lopez was speeding prior to the collision and that Lopez’s speed caused her to lose control and crash into Tor and Guzman’s vehicle. Lopez admitted liability., Tor and Guzman were transported to nearby hospitals. Tor sustained a fracture of a leg’s femur. He underwent internal fixation with the placement of an intramedullary rod and followed up with post-surgical physical therapy. Tor made a good recovery and did not require future surgery. However, he claimed he missed time from work while he recovered. Tor sought recovery of $20,298 in past medical costs and $27,906 in past loss of earnings as a contract administrator for the United States Air Force. He also sought recovery of damages for his past and future pain and suffering. Guzman claimed that she sustained soft tissue to her right side, and trauma to her right arm and hand. She also claimed she suffered bilateral abdominal hematomas and a bulging cervical disc at C5-6 level. Guzman underwent a cervical discectomy without fusion and insertion of artificial disc. Guzman sought recovery of $61,857 in past medical costs and $69,120 in lost earnings. She also sought recovery of damages for her pain and suffering. Defense counsel disputed the nature and extent of the plaintiffs’ .