On Oct. 22, 2012, plaintiff Lillie Jackson, 58, was driving west on Interstate 10, also known as the San Bernardino Freeway, in Baldwin Park, with two of her grandchildren, plaintiffs Elijah Ellington, 7, and Alyssa Ellington, 6, as passengers. Jackson was going about 35 mph in stop-and-go traffic, about 1,000 feet east of the junction with Interstate 605, also known as the San Gabriel River Freeway, when her vehicle was rear-ended by a vehicle driven by Joan McNeely, who was traveling at about 50 mph. Jackson and her grandchildren claimed to their necks and backs. Jackson, acting individually and as guardian of the Alyssa and Elijah, sued McNeely, alleging that McNeely was negligent in the operation of her motor vehicle. However, McNeely died by the time the lawsuit was filed, in June 2014, and she could be served. As a result, McNeely’s insurer, State Farm Insurance Cos., added as a defendant. Jackson claimed McNeely was not paying attention, causing the crash that injured her and her grandchildren. State Farm did not dispute liability., Jackson suffered soft tissue to her neck and back. She subsequently underwent chiropractic treatment two to three times a week, beginning shortly after the crash and continuing through January 2013. Alyssa and Elijah also suffered soft tissue to their neck and back, but they did not receive any treatment. In addition, Alyssa lost a baby tooth in the crash. Thus, the plaintiffs sought recovery of medical costs and damages for their pain and suffering. State Farm disputed the amounts sought by the plaintiffs.