On April 22, 2011, at approximately 5:10 p.m., plaintiff Artavazd Grigoryan, 40, a limousine driver, was driving west on the 134 Freeway when he was rear-ended by a vehicle operated by Shahram Jarrahi. Grigoryan claimed to his neck, back, and left wrist and ring finger. Grigoryan sued Jarrahi, alleging the defendant was negligent in the operation of his vehicle. Jarrahi admitted liability for the accident, and the matter proceeded to trial on damages., On the day after the accident, Grigoryan presented to an urgent care facility with complaints of pain to his neck, back, and left wrist and ring finger. He then followed up with chiropractic care through November 2011. Throughout his treatment, Grigoryan also saw an orthopedist and underwent MRIs that revealed foraminal narrowing at the C5-6 level. In January 2012, Grigoryan treated with a pain management doctor, who recommended epidural injections for his neck. He then did not treat again until 14 months later, when he saw a neurologist for his neck and was recommended nerve blocks. However, Grigoryan opted to treat with trigger point injections instead. Grigoryan claimed he still experiences discomfort in his neck. Thus, he sought recovery of $26,000 in past medical costs, $3,000 in past lost earnings, between $35,000 to $100,000 in future medical costs, and an unspecified amount of damages for his pain and suffering. The defense’s expert orthopedic surgeon agreed that Grigoryan was injured from the accident, but opined that Grigoryan’s chiropractic care was excessive. The expert further opined that everything after Grigoryan’s 14-month gap in treatment was unrelated to the accident.