On Feb. 24, 2016, plaintiff Josephine Nguyen, 26, a student, left school and was walking toward a bus stop located at the intersection of Placentia Avenue and West 16th Street, in Costa Mesa. After Nguyen entered a crosswalk, she was struck by a yellow Volkswagen Beetle operated by Sandy Ko. Nguyen lost consciousness and sustained to her back. Nguyen sued Ko and the insurance holder for Ko’s vehicle, Raymond Elliott. Nguyen claimed that when she entered the intersection, she noticed Ko’s vehicle in her peripheral vision. Thus, plaintiff’s counsel contended that Ko was negligent in the operation of her vehicle by making a left turn without yielding to a pedestrian in a crosswalk. Counsel also contended that Elliott was vicariously liable for Ko’s actions, as the vehicle either belonged to him or there was some other unestablished relationship between Ko and Elliot. Ko and Elliot accepted liability., Nguyen suffered blunt force trauma to her head, causing a concussion and rendering her unconscious at the scene. She also suffered blunt force trauma to her chest and abdomen, resulting in numerous that included a collapsed lung, and fractures of her L1 and L2 vertebrae. Nguyen was subsequently transported via a CARE ambulance to Orange Coast Global Hospital, in Santa Ana, where she was categorized as a trauma patient. Since the collision, Nguyen has undergone two back surgeries that fused her spine at the two injured lumbar levels. Nguyen claimed that she had a fantastic physical recovery, but that she suffers from permanent scarring because of the surgeries. Specifically, she has several scars on her back and one scar across her ribs, from her chest around to her mid-back.